倘若只有 main.h 和 main.c 两个文件,那么只需要执行少量的指令即可完成编译工作。但是实际上一个工程通常包含几十上百个文件,意味着要执行大量的编译指令才能得到目标文件,这是我们所无法接受的。因此需要借助 make、cmake、ninja、scons 等构建工具来提高开发效率。

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集成开发环境-GCC.ARM(#01)环境搭建
集成开发环境-GCC.ARM(#02)程序构建
集成开发环境-GCC.ARM(#03)程序烧录
集成开发环境-GCC.ARM(#04)快捷任务
集成开发环境-GCC.ARM(#05)程序调试
集成开发环境-DBG


传统的集成开发环境(MDK、IAR)通常会提供包括编辑、编译、烧录、调试在内的一整套工具,开发者无需配置,简单易用,但 license 也不是一般的贵。

替代方案:

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LilyPond 是什么?(https://lilypond.org/)

LilyPond (荷花池) 是一个音乐雕版软件,致力产生最高质量的乐谱。它把传统音乐雕版印刷的美学,呈现在计算机打印的乐谱上。LilyPond 是自由软件,也是 GNU Project 的一部分。

计算机软件的内核是将接收到的数据进行计算并输出,LilyPond 也不例外。我们需要按照 LilyPond 开发者制定的规则编写乐谱源码,然后使用 LilyPond 将源代码转换为 PNG、PDF、SVG、MIDI 等格式的文件。

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最近给 HC32F460 烧程序时,出现了烧录失败的现象。

操作流程:

  • 在引导程序的 icg.h 文件中配置开启 SWDT 看门狗
  • 烧录引导程序
  • 烧录应用程序
  • 读取整个芯片的镜像
  • 把读取出来的镜像再烧回去

诡异的是,最后一步总是失败。

后面又进行了详细的测试:

测试记录 编程算法 SWDT 烧录结果
1 旧版 关闭
或者延长狗叫时间
烧录成功
2 旧版 开启 在烧录回去之前,做一次整片擦除,但是不断电:烧录失败
在烧录回去之前,做一次整片擦除,断电再上电:烧录成功
3 新版 X 均可烧录成功

猜测应该是编程算法在烧录过程中没有屏蔽 SWDT 所致,更换新版编程算法即可解决。

JLink info:
------------
DLL: V7.50 , compiled Jul 1 2021 17:37:28
Firmware: J-Link V9 compiled May 7 2021 16:26:12
Hardware: V9.60
S/N : 69667985
Feature(s) : RDI, GDB, FlashDL, FlashBP, JFlash

* JLink Info: Found SW-DP with ID 0x2BA01477
* JLink Info: DPIDR: 0x2BA01477
* JLink Info: Scanning AP map to find all available APs
* JLink Info: AP[1]: Stopped AP scan as end of AP map has been reached
* JLink Info: AP[0]: AHB-AP (IDR: 0x24770011)
* JLink Info: Iterating through AP map to find AHB-AP to use
* JLink Info: AP[0]: Core found
* JLink Info: AP[0]: AHB-AP ROM base: 0xE00FF000
* JLink Info: CPUID register: 0x410FC241. Implementer code: 0x41 (ARM)
* JLink Info: Found Cortex-M4 r0p1, Little endian.
* JLink Info: FPUnit: 6 code (BP) slots and 2 literal slots
* JLink Info: CoreSight components:
* JLink Info: ROMTbl[0] @ E00FF000
* JLink Info: ROMTbl[0][0]: E000E000, CID: B105E00D, PID: 000BB00C SCS-M7
* JLink Info: ROMTbl[0][1]: E0001000, CID: B105E00D, PID: 003BB002 DWT
* JLink Info: ROMTbl[0][2]: E0002000, CID: B105E00D, PID: 002BB003 FPB
* JLink Info: ROMTbl[0][3]: E0000000, CID: B105E00D, PID: 003BB001 ITM
* JLink Info: ROMTbl[0][4]: E0040000, CID: B105900D, PID: 000BB9A1 TPIU
ROMTableAddr = 0xE00FF000
* JLink Info: Reset: Halt core after reset via DEMCR.VC_CORERESET.
* JLink Info: Reset: Reset device via AIRCR.SYSRESETREQ.
* JLink Info: Reset: S_RESET_ST never gets cleared. CPU seems to be kept in reset forever.
* JLink Info: Reset: Using fallback: Reset pin.
* JLink Info: Reset: Halt core after reset via DEMCR.VC_CORERESET.
* JLink Info: Reset: Reset device via reset pin
* JLink Info: Reset: VC_CORERESET did not halt CPU. (Debug logic also reset by reset pin?).
* JLink Info: Reset: Reconnecting and manually halting CPU.
* JLink Info: Found SW-DP with ID 0x2BA01477
* JLink Info: DPIDR: 0x2BA01477
* JLink Info: AP map detection skipped. Manually configured AP map found.
* JLink Info: AP[0]: AHB-AP (IDR: Not set)
* JLink Info: AP[0]: Core found
* JLink Info: AP[0]: AHB-AP ROM base: 0xE00FF000
* JLink Info: CPUID register: 0x410FC241. Implementer code: 0x41 (ARM)
* JLink Info: Found Cortex-M4 r0p1, Little endian.
* JLink Info: CPU could not be halted
* JLink Info: Reset: Core did not halt after reset, trying to disable WDT.
* JLink Info: Reset: Halt core after reset via DEMCR.VC_CORERESET.
* JLink Info: Reset: Reset device via reset pin
* JLink Info: Reset: VC_CORERESET did not halt CPU. (Debug logic also reset by reset pin?).
* JLink Info: Reset: Reconnecting and manually halting CPU.
* JLink Info: Found SW-DP with ID 0x2BA01477
* JLink Info: DPIDR: 0x2BA01477
* JLink Info: AP map detection skipped. Manually configured AP map found.
* JLink Info: AP[0]: AHB-AP (IDR: Not set)
* JLink Info: AP[0]: Core found
* JLink Info: AP[0]: AHB-AP ROM base: 0xE00FF000
* JLink Info: CPUID register: 0x410FC241. Implementer code: 0x41 (ARM)
* JLink Info: Found Cortex-M4 r0p1, Little endian.
* JLink Info: CPU could not be halted
* JLink Info: Reset: Failed. Toggling reset pin and trying reset strategy again.
* JLink Info: Found SW-DP with ID 0x2BA01477
* JLink Info: DPIDR: 0x2BA01477
* JLink Info: AP map detection skipped. Manually configured AP map found.
* JLink Info: AP[0]: AHB-AP (IDR: Not set)
* JLink Info: AP[0]: Core found
* JLink Info: AP[0]: AHB-AP ROM base: 0xE00FF000
* JLink Info: CPUID register: 0x410FC241. Implementer code: 0x41 (ARM)
* JLink Info: Found Cortex-M4 r0p1, Little endian.
* JLink Info: Reset: Halt core after reset via DEMCR.VC_CORERESET.
* JLink Info: Reset: Reset device via AIRCR.SYSRESETREQ.
* JLink Info: Reset: S_RESET_ST never gets cleared. CPU seems to be kept in reset forever.
* JLink Info: Reset: Using fallback: Reset pin.
* JLink Info: Reset: Halt core after reset via DEMCR.VC_CORERESET.
* JLink Info: Reset: Reset device via reset pin
* JLink Info: Reset: VC_CORERESET did not halt CPU. (Debug logic also reset by reset pin?).
* JLink Info: Reset: Reconnecting and manually halting CPU.
* JLink Info: Found SW-DP with ID 0x2BA01477
* JLink Info: DPIDR: 0x2BA01477
* JLink Info: AP map detection skipped. Manually configured AP map found.
* JLink Info: AP[0]: AHB-AP (IDR: Not set)
* JLink Info: AP[0]: Core found
* JLink Info: AP[0]: AHB-AP ROM base: 0xE00FF000
* JLink Info: CPUID register: 0x410FC241. Implementer code: 0x41 (ARM)
* JLink Info: Found Cortex-M4 r0p1, Little endian.
* JLink Info: CPU could not be halted
* JLink Info: Reset: Core did not halt after reset, trying to disable WDT.
* JLink Info: Reset: Halt core after reset via DEMCR.VC_CORERESET.
* JLink Info: Reset: Reset device via reset pin
* JLink Info: Reset: VC_CORERESET did not halt CPU. (Debug logic also reset by reset pin?).
* JLink Info: Reset: Reconnecting and manually halting CPU.
* JLink Info: Found SW-DP with ID 0x2BA01477
* JLink Info: DPIDR: 0x2BA01477
* JLink Info: AP map detection skipped. Manually configured AP map found.
* JLink Info: AP[0]: AHB-AP (IDR: Not set)
* JLink Info: AP[0]: Core found
* JLink Info: AP[0]: AHB-AP ROM base: 0xE00FF000
* JLink Info: CPUID register: 0x410FC241. Implementer code: 0x41 (ARM)
* JLink Info: Found Cortex-M4 r0p1, Little endian.
* JLink Info: CPU could not be halted
* JLink Info: CPU could not be halted
***JLink Error: Failed to halt CPU.
* JLink Info: CPU could not be halted
Error: Flash Download failed - Target DLL has been cancelled
Flash Load finished at 09:01:53

* JLink Info: Reset: S_RESET_ST never gets cleared. CPU seems to be kept in reset forever.

很可能是外部复位电路失效,导致复位引脚被拉低,进而导致内核一直处于复位状态。

在《参考手册》第六章〈初始化配置〉中,八个初始化配置寄存器的复位值是不定的,华大对此的处理方式很巧妙(但是也给移植埋下了一个大坑):

hc32f460_icg.h
/*!< ICG0 register value */
#define ICG0_REGISTER_CONSTANT (((uint32_t)ICG0_WDT_REG_CONFIG << 16) | \
((uint32_t)ICG0_SWDT_REG_CONFIG) | \
((uint32_t)0xE000E000ul))
/*!< ICG1 register value */
#define ICG1_REGISTER_CONSTANT (((uint32_t)ICG1_NMI_REG_CONFIG << 24) | \
((uint32_t)ICG1_VDU0_REG_CONFIG << 16) | \
((uint32_t)ICG1_HRC_REG_CONFIG) | \
((uint32_t)0x03F8FEFEul))
/*!< ICG2~7 register reserved value */
#define ICG2_REGISTER_CONSTANT ((uint32_t)0xFFFFFFFFul)
#define ICG3_REGISTER_CONSTANT ((uint32_t)0xFFFFFFFFul)
#define ICG4_REGISTER_CONSTANT ((uint32_t)0xFFFFFFFFul)
#define ICG5_REGISTER_CONSTANT ((uint32_t)0xFFFFFFFFul)
#define ICG6_REGISTER_CONSTANT ((uint32_t)0xFFFFFFFFul)
#define ICG7_REGISTER_CONSTANT ((uint32_t)0xFFFFFFFFul)
hc32f460_icg.c
#if defined ( __GNUC__ ) && !defined (__CC_ARM) /* GNU Compiler */
const uint32_t u32ICG[] __attribute__((section(".icg_sec"))) =
#elif defined (__CC_ARM)
const uint32_t u32ICG[] __attribute__((at(0x400))) =
#elif defined (__ICCARM__)
__root const uint32_t u32ICG[] @ 0x400 =
#else
#error "unsupported compiler!!"
#endif
{
/* ICG 0~ 3 */
ICG0_REGISTER_CONSTANT,
ICG1_REGISTER_CONSTANT,
ICG2_REGISTER_CONSTANT,
ICG3_REGISTER_CONSTANT,
/* ICG 4~ 7 */
ICG4_REGISTER_CONSTANT,
ICG5_REGISTER_CONSTANT,
ICG6_REGISTER_CONSTANT,
ICG7_REGISTER_CONSTANT,
};

通过定义常量的方式,在程序加载阶段,将数据 load 至指定的寄存器。

避坑指北

如果工程由 bootloader 和 app 两部分组成,那么只能在 bootloader 中添加 *_icg.c 文件,在 app 中不能添加该文件,否则会出现异常,原因如下:

在 App 中也添加 *_icg.c 意味着要将 u32ICG 指定到 0x400 这个地址,所以编译出来的 App 会由两部分组成:

ER$$.ARM. AT Ox00000400                 文件大小为一个扇区(HC32F460=8K)
ER IROM1

而 0x400 所在的扇区通常是 bootloader 所在的区域,所以在烧录 App 时就会导致 bootloader 的中断向量表数据被擦除,进而导致程序无法引导,具体表现就是程序运行不起来。